Food rescue, also called food recovery or food salvage, is the practice of gleaning edible food that would otherwise go to waste from places such as restaurants, grocery stores, produce markets, or dining facilities and distributing it to local emergency food programs.
The recovered food is edible, but often not sellable. Products that are at or past their "sell by" dates or are imperfect in any way such as a bruised apple or day-old bread are donated by grocery stores, food vendors, restaurants, and farmers markets. Other times, the food is unblemished, but restaurants may have made or ordered too much or may have good pieces of food (such as scraps of fish or meat) that are byproducts of the process of preparing foods to cook and serve. Also, food manufacturers may donate products that marginally fail quality control, or that has become short-dated.
Organizations that encourage food recovery, food rescue, sharing, gleaning and similar waste-avoidance schemes come under the umbrella of food banks, food pantries or soup kitchens.
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Non Profit Rescues Food To Feed The Hungry - One million pounds of donated and recovered food is delivered by City Harvest Food Rescue trucks each week, helping fill the plates of the 1.3 million New ...
In most cases, the rescued food is being saved from being thrown into a dumpster and, ultimately, landfills or other garbage disposals. Food recovered on farms is kept from being plowed under. On farms, the donations often must be harvested, or gleaned, by volunteers. Also, to help rescue food that would otherwise be wasted, the USDA has expanded their Farm Storage Facility Loan Program.https://www.fsa.usda.gov/programs-and-services/price-support/facility-loans/farm-storage/ The Farm Storage Facility Loan Program helps farmers obtain low-cost loans for more farm storage so they can protect more food from becoming waste.
In the United States, businesses that source food rescue programs have received tax benefits for their donations and have been protected from liability lawsuits by the federal Emerson Good Samaritan Food Donation Act since 1996.
The benefit of many food rescue programs is they offer healthy food to those in need but who may not meet the application requirements of state food-assistance programs. Many programs also provide immediate emergency assistance, without having to wait through an application process. Food rescue organizations are less restricted by cost and availability of food, as so much edible food is thrown out and free for the taking, so eligibility requirements are generally unnecessary. This organizational model often allows food rescues to provide nutritional assistance more quickly, with more flexibility and accessibility than other types of hunger relief programs.
At the individual level, food recovery is practiced by both freegans and by dumpster divers.
Food Recovery Hierarchy
The EPA's United States Environmental Protection Agency Food Hierarchy chart is a 6 tiered system chart intended to assist people and organizations in rescuing food before it goes to the landfill which is the last resort and 6th tier on the Food Hierarchy Chart.
Tier 1: Source Reduction
- Tier one of the Food Recovery Hierarchy Chart is source reduction which means to reduce the amount of food that is generated. For an individual, this can be done by making shopping lists before going to the market so that only the foods and the amount of food that is needed is purchased. Be aware of expiration dates before stocking up on any one product so that products are not expiring before being able to be used. Organizations can frequently inventory their supplies and donate both non-perishable food and unspoiled perishable food. [1]
Tier 2: Feed Hungry People
- Tier two of the Food Recovery Hierarchy Chart is simple. Feed people. Get the food that will end up spoiling or expiring to the people in need. This can be done by donating food to food banks, food pantries, food rescue programs, homeless shelters, and other organizations. [2] [3]
Tier 3: Feed Animals
- Tier three of the Food Recovery Hierarchy Chart is to feed animals. Many animals can eat food scraps. To donate food scraps for animals one can contact their local solid waste, county agricultural extension office or public health agency for information. [4]
Tier 4: Industrial Uses
- Tier four of the Food Recovery Hierarchy Chart is to use food waste for industrial use. Fats, oils, grease, and meat products can be used for rendering, biodiesel, and anaerobic digestion. [5]
Tier 5: Composting
- Tier five of the Food Recovery Hierarchy Chart is composting. When the first 4 solutions on the Food Recovery Hierarchy Chart are exhausted then add remaining food waste to existing compost. Composting has many benefits including reducing methane gas and improving the quality of the soil. [6]
Tier 6: Landfill/Incineration
- Tier six of the Food Recovery Hierarchy Chart is to dispose of food into the landfill or incineration. This is the last resort choice and would hopefully be avoided by utilizing the first 5 tiers of the Food Hierarchy Chart
Countries
Australia
In Australia, OzHarvest was launched in November 2004.
Canada
Canada's Second Harvest Toronto, in operation since 1985. BC's Squamish Helping Hands Society
Israel
Food rescue charities outside of the United States include Israel's Leket Israel-The National Food Bank
New Zealand
New Zealand's first food rescue organization is Kaibosh. Operating in Wellington, it was founded in August 2008. FoodShare, provides food rescue for the city of Dunedin in the South Island of New Zealand commenced operations in March 2012. Fairfood and KiwiHarvest operate in Auckland, and other organizations work in Hamilton, Tauranga, Palmerston North, and Christchurch.
Norway
A 2015 study listed 53 charitable organisations that are actively running food rescue programs in Norway. The largest donors are supermarkets (59%), followed by bakeries and other food producers. The distributors are mainly charitable organizations, mostly with a religious connection, like the Salvation Army and the Church City Mission. Most of the work is done by volunteers, without any salary. The receivers are mainly narcotic and alcohol addicts, but also include homeless, immigrants and victims of domestic violence. Most of the food is given away as prepared meals. More than one million meals are provided per year in the cities covered by the study. Other food is given away as bags of groceries.
Distribution of free food is often used as a method for charitable organizations to enter into contact with people who need help with drug abuse, psychological problems or similar. Volunteers often emphasize the importance of having spaces where users can pick up food with dignity and discretion, plus sometimes have a cup of coffee or a shower. Often, volunteers provide emotional support or help people with things unrelated to food acquisition, such as sharing work tips or helping immigrants with administrative tasks requiring knowledge of the Norwegian language.
The charities sometimes cooperate with each other by having a common food bank. This makes it easier to maintain steady supplies of diversified food to users.
Some users report that receiving free food may lead to stigmatization and thereby feelings of inferiority or social exclusion. To counter this, charities sometimes charge a low, symbolic price for the food, or offer food in exchange for participating in the work of preparing it.
Singapore
In Singapore the Foodbank Singapore is running their own Food rescue project, by collecting food excess in various places around the Islandstate.
United Kingdom
Some organizations, such as Fareshare in England, work directly with food manufacturers to minimize food wastage. In 2005 2,000 tonnes of food was saved from being wasted, This food was then redistributed to a community food network of 300 organizations. This food contributed to over 3.3 million meals to 12,000 disadvantaged people each day in 34 cities and towns across the UK.
USA
In America, numerous food rescue organizations pick up and deliver food in refrigerated trucks. Most are members of Feeding America, formerly America's Second Harvest. Recipient agencies serve people of low and no income.
In Chicago, foodrescue.io runs the largest food rescue program for prepared and perishable foods. They coordinate the rescue of fresh and prepared food from restaurants, grocery stores, cafeterias and caterers that reaches more than 80 nonprofits around the Chicago area. Initially, it focused on making local connections between excess food and the need for nonprofits. As of 2015, the food from downtown and wealthy neighborhoods is also reaching neighborhoods in the Southside and the Westside that are designated as food deserts.
Second Helpings, Inc., founded in Indianapolis, Indiana in 1998, addresses four problemsâ€"food waste, hunger, job training, and sourcing skilled labor for the local food service industry. Each day Second Helpings volunteers and staff rescue, prepare and distribute 3,500 hot, nutritious meals to 70 social service agencies. As of July 2013, more than 500 adults have graduated from the Second Helpings Culinary Job Training program which trains disadvantaged adults for careers in the foodservice industry as cooks, executive chefs, business owners and culinary instructors.
Food Rescue, founded in Indianapolis, Indiana in 2007, is an independent nonprofit which brings together more than 500 volunteers who donate 90 minutes of their time once a month to rescue unserved restaurant food and deliver it to local food pantries. Food Rescue has salvaged an estimated retail value of $1Â million annually. The growing organization has chapters in Indianapolis, Greenwood, and Muncie, Indiana; Greenville, South Carolina; Charlotte, North Carolina; Ft. Worth, Texas; Minneapolis, Minnesota; St. Paul, Minnesota; Naples, New York; and Fredericksburg, Norfolk, and Reston, Virginia.
The Food Bank for Westchester operates a Food Recovery program in Westchester, New York, and partners with over donors (grocers and local retailers) to provide fresh food to the hungry and food-insecure of that County.
The Inter-Faith Food Shuttle, founded in North Carolina in 1989, reached a distribution level of 5Â million pounds (2,300 tonnes) annually as of 2007. They distribute to about 200 programs, including shelters, soup kitchens, pantries, and housing authority neighborhoods. Volunteers prepare grocery bags of fresh fruits, vegetables, and bread to deliver door-to-door to seniors on fixed incomes and low-income single parent households.
Some food rescue organizations specialize in surplus produce, which is more difficult to distribute than many prepared foods due to its short shelf life. One such organization is Fair Foods, which has been distributing surplus produce to the Boston area since 1988, distributing over 6,000 pounds of fresh food daily. With a mission of keeping everyone in Boston full and healthy, Fair Foods distributes mixed bags of produce at over 20 sites in the Boston metro area.
The Society of St. Andrew is a volunteer-based gleaning nonprofit.
Some organizations, like Waste No Food, use technology to notify charities where and when excess food is available to aid in their food recovery efforts.
Other nationally recognized food rescue organizations include, City Harvest, D.C. Central Kitchen Forgotten Harvest and Philabundance.
A directory of food rescue organizations, the Food Rescue Locator, is maintained by Sustainable America.
See also
- City Harvest (organization)
- Feeding America
- Food Donation Connection
- Food Not Bombs
- Food waste
- Forgotten Harvest
- Freeganism
- Garbage picking
- Love Food, Hate Waste
- Pending Meal
- USA Harvest
United States Department of Agriculture
References
External links
- Food Rescue Locator
- Food Not Bombs
- Second Harvest Toronto
- OzHarvest
- Second Helpings
- Food Rescue
- Foodbank
- Fair Foods
- City Harvest
- D.C. Central Kitchen
- Philabundance
- Kaibosh
- FoodShare
- Hands For Hunger - a Bahamian food rescue program, which has provided more than half a million meals to hungry members of the New Providence community of Nassau, the Bahamas since 2008.
- University of Puget Sound Food Salvage Program - A student-run Food Salvage program operating since 1999.
- Food Not Bombs